2024

Atobatele, Abolaji Jamiu; Olaleye, Sunday Adewale

The Arctic region faces unique environmental challenges due to its fragile ecosystem and susceptibility to anthropogenic activities. With increasing human presence and resource exploitation, there is a growing need for robust regulatory frameworks to protect Arctic marine environments. This chapter examines both international and national regulatory policies aimed at Arctic marine protection, with a particular focus on the regulation of marine toxicology. At the international level, several agreements and conventions address Arctic marine protection. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides a legal framework for the conservation and management of marine resources, including those in the Arctic. Additionally, the Arctic Council plays a crucial role in promoting cooperation among Arctic states and indigenous communities to address environmental issues. Despite these initiatives, gaps exist in international regulations concerning Arctic marine toxicology. One significant challenge is the lack of comprehensive monitoring and assessment programs for contaminants in Arctic waters. Existing frameworks often fail to adequately address emerging pollutants and their potential impacts on marine ecosystems. National regulatory policies vary among Arctic states, reflecting differences in environmental priorities, economic interests, and governance structures. Countries such as Canada, the United States, Norway, and Russia have established regulatory frameworks to manage activities in their respective Arctic waters. These regulations encompass various aspects, including shipping, oil and gas exploration, and fisheries. However, gaps persist in national regulations concerning Arctic marine toxicology. Limited resources and infrastructure hinder the implementation of comprehensive monitoring programs in remote Arctic regions. Additionally, inconsistencies in regulatory standards and enforcement pose challenges for effective pollution control and remediation efforts. Challenges and gaps exist in Arctic marine toxicology regulations that contribute to inadequate regulation of the fragile environment. Fragmentation and overlap among international and national regulatory frameworks hinder efficient coordination and implementation of Arctic marine protection measures. Improved collaboration and information-sharing mechanisms are needed to address regulatory gaps effectively. Efforts to strengthen international and national regulatory policies for Arctic marine protection must prioritize addressing the challenges and gaps in marine toxicology regulations. Enhanced cooperation among Arctic states, indigenous communities, and stakeholders is essential to develop comprehensive monitoring programs.